The Open Source & Transformable Mobile Prefabricated Micro House Group Solution-I (English and Chinese)
Key Words
open-source architecture, prefabricated micro house, open design, prefabricated architecture, sustainable architecture, co-housing, mobile housing, self-sufficient habitats, experimental architecture, transformable architecture, industrial design, residential and hotel, personalized design/manufacture, the experience economy
關鍵字
開源架構，模塊化建築，開放式設計，預製建築，可持續建築，微型住房，共同住房，移動住房，自給自足生存體系，實驗建築，可變式建築，工業設計，住宅和酒店，定制化設計/製造，體驗經濟模式
Background/Argument
In the past several years, the architectural design methods have been influenced by the latest technologies achievements in a variety of fields-Big Data, VR, IOT, AI, online business, mobile internet, and personalize project development. There is no doubt that the architectural design industry will continue adapting to the internet business models and techniques widely and deeply. While, if we turn our focuses from the architecture design field to the other fields like the real estate industry, it proves that the statement is almost incorrect in reality. The facts are that architecture design industry didn’t occupy the market as public images normally, in contrast, the majority of the architecture and buildings projects over the world are developed and built by the speculators and the individuals, which means there is the huge number of the building projects are manufactured and reproduced all the time. At this point, the architecture industry is far behind the IT industry. Fortunately, many companies and institutes started out a diversity of solutions, and the same manner is to give their clients more authority on personalizing on the design and construction process.
In the past two decades, the Internet-led high-tech personal computers and mobile smart devices have dominated the world’s personal consumer market; in the meanwhile, the Internet products and a variety of architectural applications have occupied market-dominating position, that is, the equipment defined by the software applications rather than the hardware itself, which means the core section is all about the user experience. As an illustration, in the interactive design field heavily focuses on the interface style, modules design, and operation processes. One typical example is the Android operation code, which is released in an open-source format, with Google indicating that it prefers the development of open standards. With the open-source format, software and application developers can use Android to develop mobile apps, which are sold through app stores.
It is noteworthy that the previous Pritzker Architecture Prize award-winning works reflect the contemporary and the evolution of modern architecture development direction objectively, especially in recent years, winning works, in fact, are temporary architecture projects, which are built by the recyclable and removed materials and structural systems. The award-winning projects partially reveal the contemporary and future living habitat hidden ideas and impulses. In the further steps, with highly integrated contemporary techniques and life philosophy, emphasizing the experience of the economy, participatory, personalize, and openness, the development of the living habitat project makes use of features of Internet of things, large data, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and 3D Print digital manufacturing. The management method could refer to the hotel operation models rather than the traditional real estate management model, which is not friendly to the customers.
The main task for this exploration of the project is to quest the efficient and valuable methods for the integration of the branch of technologies and new ideas. The exploration of the prefabricated micro house is not intended to solve a specific commercial, political or social issue, on the contrary, as the project named, which proposed a series of open-ended propositions; the scope of the application is ambiguity and uncertainty. The prototype of the project transplanted from the early years of Japan’s metabolic building models. In this new vision, the prefabricated micro house combined with industrial design and engineering design, the Internet, open architecture design platform, artificial intelligence, and Internet business management model combined to its entire life cycle of maintenance management.
當前的建筑設計已開始置於這個全球去中心化的社會發展浪潮中，移動互聯網、人工智能、物聯網、虛擬現實、大數據等個人化虛擬化和制定化早已經滲透到人們生活方方面面，建築業也絕不例外，互聯網和新科技已經深刻的影響到這個行業的方方面面。互聯網商業模式經過多年的發展，如今已經形成了一個極為龐大的網絡交互體系。在過去的將近二十年裡，由互聯網高科技主導的個人電腦及移動智能設備一直主宰著世界個人消費市場，與此同時，互聯網產品軟體和各種架構應用應運而生，成為真正主導個人智能設備市場走向的力量，即設備由軟體應用定義、詮釋、更新換代，硬件卻不那麼重要，重要的是核心部分，就是體驗的那部分。
比如在交互設計極為重視界面的風格、模塊和流程非常細致的方方面面，同樣的基於安卓平台開發的應用軟體，針對不同的客戶群體，卻有那麼多不同的體驗設計，雖然大體風格並無多大差異，但商家的競爭一定是在細節處理上下極大的功夫。這種體驗消費模式，同樣的在建築上的重要性凸顯，這種體驗甚至是從消費者開始構想到其終生。本質上，這裏需要做的不僅局限於延續與發展當代建築理論，更是要結合計算機網絡工程電商的思想與實踐方法。
值得註意的是，歷屆的普裏茲克獲獎作品都非常忠實的反映出當代世界對於現代建築的演變發展方向，尤其是最近幾屆的獲獎作品都是臨時建築，是運用可回收材料可拆除式的結構來建構。結合當代的技術與生活理念，強調體驗經濟，制定化服務，參與性，多元性，開放性，還有以科技為依托的互聯網商業模式、物聯網、大數據、人工智能、虛擬現實、3D打印數字制造、新材料等等。管理上，可以盡可能的結合酒店式物業管理模式，摒棄傳統的繁瑣而對於消費者並不友好的傳統房產管理模式。目前技術層面來看，從設計到工程的客觀條件等這些因素都不缺乏，更不缺乏行業對高科技的成功運用的經驗，況且它們都在當下已經有了長足的發展，而相對而言缺乏的是如何將新的理念與諸多的技術有效有經濟社會價值的整合起來。
再提到聯合國人居署的實踐例子，幾乎所有的居住類建築 – 尤其是那些可負擔可持續的綠色居住建築保護都非常依賴於當地的技術，經濟狀況，產業商業規模，工藝和地域文化；而這些建築也非常深刻的反應出特殊的文化符號與文脈建築的裝飾，材料的搭配，風格與形態，結構 等都有體現。這對完全希望通過整體裝配式建築生產者以及那些過分強調商業運作的房地產商有一個極具價值的指導意義。差異化，藝術性，深入每個住宅單元體的細節，通過生命週期間不斷地微調，恰可解決了一些關於傳統建築的問題比如過於單調、缺乏變化的建築產品。預製建築本身就是技術與生產水平的進步表現，其意義在於，預製化建築是經過簡化了的類似項目，那麼就要避免構件複雜繁多，耦合匹配度低，不能兼容，替換複雜代價高難度大，修理難，拆卸回收率低的問題。
所有的這一切，為建築體驗模式埋下了堅實的基礎。而該項目並不是要解決一個具體的商業、政治或社會問題，相反，正如項目名稱一樣，是提出了一系列開源性的命題，適用的範圍與邊界具有模糊性和不確定性。這種結合體移植於早年日本的新陳代謝建築模式，放在當今的視野，結合了工業設計和工程設計，也必然和互聯網、開放建築設計平台、人工智能等技術及互聯網商業管理模式結合到其策劃設計到建造維護管理的生命週期全過程。
Application Directions and Open Management Mode
Under the requirement and request of the proprietaries, this project may be applied on or transferred to co-housing, live-work housing units, normal housing/apartments, boutique hotels, temporary houses, etc.
Method of Operation
Modular Interior Sets/Components
The transformable and modular furniture sets and interior functional space arrangement have become more significant in current residential/hospitality development and operation, which means not only interior enclosure structure can be easily changed or transformed at any time, but also the entire enclosure components can be changed and removed based on the requests. For instance, the solar shading devices can be easily removed during the winter seasons and installed in the summer seasons; the glazing farmings are transformable or made in modular systems that can adapt to the solar gain smartly, the terrace. In the same manner, the modular intelligent home appliances and equipment can easily fit the clients’ requests.
Modular Living Units
Each prefabricated micro house unit can be added and replaced due to the needs of the owner/clients, and if the entire units are manufactured under the same standards and same modular system, the materials and the components can be shared within all the units. The facade of the housing unit can be changed at any time according to the needs of the owner’s customer. The items to be changed include facade decorative components, folding fences, stretched terraces, and so on.
Platform/Open Structure System
Similarly, the mechanical equipment part of the prefabricated micro house can also be replaced at any time changes, such as the need to adjust the number of wind turbines, solar panels, specifications, and increase the number of water tanks to balance the cost of spending.
應用方向/開放式管理模式
根據業主要求，可作為共同住宅體系(co-housing)，工作居住一體住宅(live-work housing)，普通的住宅單元(normal housing/apartment)，精品酒店(boutique hotel)，臨時住宅(temporary house)等等。
操作方法
模塊化室內佈局
可變型的室內家具及功能空間是當下居住生活空間的一個研究方向，不僅室內構件隨時可變換增減，而且室外建築模塊同樣可隨時根據需求增減，比如遮陽板，窗的玻璃面積，露台的封閉或敞開。至於模塊化智能化家電和設備，也是同樣的根據用戶喜好或業主的要求而安排。
模塊化住宅單元
每個住房單元根據業主的需要可以增減與替換，如果所有的單元體採用同樣規格的材料生產，那麼它們之間的材料可以完成共享過程。住房單元的外立面可以隨時根據業主客戶的需要進行變更。變更的項目包括外墻的裝飾構件，折疊式欄板，伸展式露台等。當然，該支撐體系提供統一的規範規格，不同的商家生產商所製造出來的微型住宅體係也理所當然的要符合這個規範，具體來講，就是建築開間進深取值範圍、衛生間的進出水管口位置和尺寸規格等等。
支撐體系
同樣的，項目的機械設備部分同樣可以隨時替換增減，比如根據需求調整風力電機和太陽能面板的數量和規格，以及增減水箱的數量以平衡成本於開支。
A Typical list for the Modular and Smart Facilities/Equipment/Components
There are five groups of units integrated into the entire project: Housing Units, Kitchen/Dining Units, Open Structure System, Auxiliary Energy System, and Vehicle/ Load Platform.
Optional components for the Housing Units
Intelligent furniture/ modular electrical equipment components, Internet of Things systems, transformable/ modular furniture components, interior partition components, artificial ventilation systems, natural ventilation systems, recycling/green construction materials, enclosure insulation structure, modular shade components, modular terrace components, intelligent control system, etc
Optional components for the Kitchen/Dining Units
Expandable kitchen equipment/cabinets, modular furniture sets, interior partition components, etc
Optional components for the Open Structure System
Pre-installed drainage system, waste collection system, solar hot water supply system, rainwater collector, drinking water tank, rainwater purification device, solid waste collector, generator set, central air conditioning system, lift equipment groups, ADA components, expandable distribution components, expandable pipe wells, expandable stairwells, expandable stair components, lighting equipment, sprinkler system, surveillance systems, etc
Optional components for Auxiliary Energy System: expandable modular solar panel grids, removable wind turbine components, strong and weak systems, expandable battery pack components
The components for Vehicle /Load Platform
2 sets of heavy-duty crawler traction chassis, 2 sets of ultra-high power engines, large truss chassis structure, expandable steel frame grids (load system), hydraulic system, traction hinge, etc
模塊化住宅單元可選組件包括：智能家具电器设备組件，物联网设备，可变型式組合家具组件，室内隔断组件，人工通风系统，自然通风系统，环保回收建材，围合结构保温构造，组合式遮阳组件，组合式露台组件，智能控制系統
集中式廚房就餐空間可選組件包括：可擴展組合廚房設備櫥櫃，組合式家具，室內隔斷組件
開放結構體系設可選設備組件包括：预装给排水管道系统，废物收集系统，太阳能热水供应系统，雨水收集器，飲用水箱，雨水净化装置，固体垃圾收集器，发电机组，中央空调系统，升降機設備組，無障礙坡道組件，可擴展配電組件，擴展式管道井，擴展式樓梯井，擴展式樓梯組件，照明設備，消防系統，監視系統
輔助能源系統可選組件包括：组合式太阳能面板，可拆除式小型风力发电机組件，強弱電系統，蓄電池組組件
載具與負重系統組件包括：2組重型负重履带式牵引底盘，2組超大功率動力裝置，大型桁架底盘结构，可擴展鋼架網格支撐體系，液压系统，牵引铰链
Model of Operation
Similar to the general real estate development business model, the speculator releases the proposal, and makes the investment; the design and manufacture package will be finished by the subcontractors-designers, machinery and equipment providers, prefabricated residential design/manufacturer. And then go through the process of assembly commissioning as well as trial operation, project managers deliver the comprehensive parameter analysis during the trial operation period. In the next step, the project is transferred to operation and management under the third party (or the developer itself); the third party will respond to any suppliers and components exchanges/adjustments due to the clients/speculators’ requests during the life long term.
運營方式
類似于普通房產開發運營模式。由甲方提案、投資，投資方投資或買家投資；分包到總圖設計方、机械设备提供商、预制住宅设计/制造商；組裝完成調試試運營，綜合參數分析；交付使用、轉交給运营管理商（或甲方直接管理）；運營商根據需求隨時調整組件變更。
Reference reading and technology support, the contents include some of the most influential and latest information of modular/ home automation, micro-prefabricated house manufacturers, open building systems, VR and personalized online design solutions, etc
https://www.tollbrothers.com/
http://open-building.org/
http://www.openstructures.net/
https://wikihouse.cc/
http://www.oodhouse.com/
https://www.dwell.com/prefab
http://resourcefurniture.com/product-category/product-collections/transforming-furniture/
http://www.geappliances.com/ge/connected-appliances/
https://www.dirtt.net/
http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/categories/departments/ikea_kitchens/22957/
http://minimhomes.com/
http://microcompacthome.com/company/
